ABSTRACT
Introduction: Lateral condensation effectiveness may be influenced by the gutta-percha and finger spreader taper used during root canal obturation. Objective: To evaluate the penetration ability of finger spreader into simulated root canals prepared using MTwo rotary system and filled with different gutta-percha and finger spreader tapers. Material and methods: Resin blocks with curved root canals had the apical diameter enlarged up to #25.06 and distributed into groups (n = 6) according to the gutta-percha taper (#25.02, #25.04, and #25.06) and the finger spreader (#30 and #35 NiTi, and stainless steel B) used to perform cold lateral condensation. After applying a load of 1.5 Kg over the finger spreaders' head, the distance between the finger spread tip and the apical limit of the root canal preparation were obtained. The data were submitted to Anova and Tukey-Krammer's test, with 5% of significance. Results: The gutta-percha cones with 0.02 taper enabled higher finger spreader penetration when compared to 0.04 and 0.06 tapers (p < 0.05), which were similar between each other (p > 0.05), regardless of the type and diameter of the finger spreader used. When different finger spreaders were compared among themselves, stainless steel B showed higher penetration ability (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the stainless-steel finger spreaders showed superior penetration ability and gutta-percha with lower tapers enabled a more effective lateral condensation at the apical third.
ABSTRACT
A substituição do óxido de bismuto por óxido de zircônio (ZrO2) e o acréscimo de hidroxiapatita nanoparticulada (HAn) podem favorecer propriedades do Cimento Portland (CP). Este estudo objetiva comparar propriedades físico-químicas, mecânicas e antibiofilme do CP com ZrO2, acrescido de HAn. Os materiais avaliados foram: G1 MTA Angelus; G2 CP/ZrO2; G3 CP/ZrO2/HAn10%; G4 CP/ZrO2/HAn20%. O pH foi analisado em phmetro digital, a solubilidade pela perda de massa e o tempo de presa pelo teste de Gilmore. A resistência à compressão foi avaliada por meio de ensaio mecânico. Amostras dos materiais foram radiografadas com uma escala de alumínio para análise da radiopacidade. Para a avaliação antibiofilme os materiais foram colocados em contato com biofilme de E. faecalis formado em blocos de dentina, e avaliado pela contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFCmL-1). Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey com 5% de significância. G2 e G3 apresentaram pH mais elevado. Maior solubilidade foi observada para G3 e G4. O tempo de presa inicial foi menor para G1 e o tempo de presa final para G3. Todos os materiais apresentaram radiopacidade superior a 3 mm Al. A resistência à compressão foi maior para G2 nos períodos avaliados. Nenhum cimento foi capaz de neutralizar completamente o biofilme bacteriano, mas G3 e G4 proporcionaram maior redução bacteriana. Conclui-se que a associação CP/ZrO2 e CP/ZrO2 com 10% de HAn apresentam propriedades físico-químicas adequadas e que o acréscimo de HAn melhora a atividade antibiofilme de E faecalis
The bismuth oxide replacement by zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and the addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle may improve the Portland Cement (PC) properties. This study aimed evaluate the physicochemical, mechanical and antibiofilm of Enterococcus faecalis properties of Portland Cement (PC) association with zirconium oxide (ZrO2), added with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAn). The analised materials were: G1 MTA Angelus; G2 PC/ZrO2; G3 PC/ZrO2/HAn10%; G4 PC/ZrO2/HAn20%. The pH was measure with a digital phmeter and the solubility by the weight loss. Setting time was assayed by Gilmore needle. Compressive strength was tested in universal testing machine. Materials samples were radiographed alongside an aluminum (Al) step wedge. For the antibiofilm test, the samples were place in direct contact with E. faecalis biofilm over dentine blocks, and assessed by colony forming units (CFU mL-1). The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance. G2 and G3 showed the higher pH in both experimental periods. Bigger solubility was noted for G3 and G4. The initial setting time was shorter for G1, and the final setting time for G3 and G4. All material presented radiopacity greater than 3 mmAl. Compressive strength was better for G2 in both experimental periods. No cement was able to completely neutralize the bacterial biofilm, however G3 and G4 exhibited higher bacteria reduction. The PC/ZrO2 and PC/ZrO2 with HAn 10% association presented the better physicochemical and mechanical properties, and the association with HAn improves the E. faecalis antibiofilm activity